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Installation Installation of a gentoo system

Introduction

When installing a gentoo system for the first time, please refer to the wonderfull gentoo handbook. This page is just installation notes shorthand when you know exactly what you are doing.

Installation media

You can get a bootable iso or liveusb from https://www.gentoo.org/downloads/. I recommend the minimal one. To create a bootable usb drive juste use dd to copy the image on it. Then boot on this brand new installation media.

Once you boot on the installation media, you can start sshd and set a temporary password and proceed with the installation more confortably from another machine :

{{< highlight sh >}} /etc/init.d/sshd start passwd {{< /highlight >}}

Don't forget to either run dhcpcd or manually set an ip and gateway to the machine.

Partitionning

There are several options depending on wether you need soft raid, full disk encryption or a simple root device with no additional complications. It will also differ if you are using a virtual machine or a physical one.

{{< highlight sh >}} tmux blkdiscard /dev/nvme0n1 sgdisk -n1:0:+2M -t1:EF02 /dev/nvme0n1 sgdisk -n2:0:+512M -t2:EF00 /dev/nvme0n1 sgdisk -n3:0:0 -t3:8300 /dev/nvme0n1 mkfs.fat -F 32 -n efi-boot /dev/nvme0n1p2 mkfs.xfs /dev/nvme0n1p3 mount /dev/sda3 /mnt/gentoo cd /mnt/gentoo {{< /highlight >}}

Make sure you do not repeat the mistake I too often make by mounting something to /mnt while using the liveusb/livecd. You will lose your shell if you do this and will need to reboot!

Get the stage3 and chroot into it

Get the stage 3 installation file from https://www.gentoo.org/downloads/. I personnaly use the non-multilib one from the advanced choices, since I am no longer using and 32bits software except steam, and I use steam from a multilib chroot.

Put the archive on the server in /mnt/gentoo (you can simply wget it from there), then extract it : {{< highlight sh >}} tar xpf stage3-.tar.xz --xattrs-include='.*' --numeric-owner mount /dev/nvme0n1p2 boot mount -R /proc proc mount -R /sys sys mount -R /dev dev chroot . {{< /highlight >}}

Initial configuration

We prepare the local language of the system : {{< highlight sh >}} echo 'LANG="en_US.utf8"' > /etc/env.d/02locale echo 'en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8' >> /etc/locale.gen locale-gen env-update && source /etc/profile echo 'nameserver 1.1.1.1' > /etc/resolv.conf {{< /highlight >}}

We set a loop device to hold the portage tree. It will be formatted with optimisation for the many small files that compose it : {{< highlight sh >}} mkdir -p /srv/gentoo-distfiles truncate -s 10G /portage.img mke2fs -b 1024 -i 2048 -m 0 -O "dir_index" -F /portage.img tune2fs -c 0 -i 0 /portage.img mkdir /usr/portage mount -o loop,noatime,nodev /portage.img /usr/portage/ {{< /highlight >}}

We set default compilation options and flags. If you are not me and cannot rsync this location, you can browse it from https://packages.adyxax.org/x86-64/etc/portage/ : {{< highlight sh >}} rsync -a --delete packages.adyxax.org:/srv/gentoo-builder/x86-64/etc/portage/ /etc/portage/ sed -i /etc/portage/make.conf -e s/buildpkg/getbinpkg/ echo 'PORTAGE_BINHOST="https://packages.adyxax.org/x86-64/packages/"' >> /etc/portage/make.conf {{< /highlight >}}

We get the portage tree and sync the timezone {{< highlight sh >}} emerge --sync {{< /highlight >}}

Set hostname and timezone

{{< highlight sh >}} export HOSTNAME=XXXXX sed -i /etc/conf.d/hostname -e /hostname=/s/=.*/="${HOSTNAME}"/ echo "Europe/Paris" > /etc/timezone emerge --config sys-libs/timezone-data {{< /highlight >}}

Check cpu flags and compatibility

TODO {{< highlight sh >}} emerge cpuid2cpuflags -1q cpuid2cpuflags gcc -### -march=native /usr/include/stdlib.h {{< /highlight >}}

Rebuild the system

{{< highlight sh >}} emerge --quiet -e @world emerge --quiet dosfstools app-admin/logrotate app-admin/syslog-ng app-portage/gentoolkit
dev-vcs/git bird openvpn htop net-analyzer/tcpdump net-misc/bridge-utils
sys-apps/i2c-tools sys-apps/pciutils sys-apps/usbutils sys-boot/grub sys-fs/ncdu
sys-process/lsof net-vpn/wireguard-tools emerge --unmerge nano -q {{< /highlight >}}

Grab a working kernel

Next we need to Grab a working kernel from our build server along with its modules. If you don't have one already, you have some work to do!

Check the necessary hardware support with : {{< highlight sh >}} i2cdetect -l lspci -nnk lsusb {{< /highlight >}}

TODO specific page with details on how to build required modules like the nas for example. {{< highlight sh >}} emerge gentoo-sources genkernel -q ... {{< /highlight >}}

Final configuration steps

fstab

{{< highlight sh >}}

/etc/fstab: static file system information.

# <dump/pass> /dev/vda3 / ext4 noatime,discard 0 1 /dev/vda2 /boot vfat noatime 1 2 /portage.img /usr/portage ext2 noatime,nodev,loop 0 0 {{< /highlight >}}

networking

{{< highlight sh >}} echo 'hostname="phoenix"' > /etc/conf.d/hostname echo 'dns_domain_lo="adyxax.org" config_eth0="192.168.1.3 netmask 255.255.255.0" routes_eth0="default via 192.168.1.1"' > /etc/conf.d/net cd /etc/init.d ln -s net.lo net.eth0 rc-update add net.eth0 boot {{< /highlight >}}

Grub

TODO especially the conf in /etc/default/grub when using an encrypted /

In the case of UEFI use something like :

grub-install --efi-directory=/boot/ /dev/nvme1n1
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

/etc/hosts

{{< highlight sh >}} scp root@collab-jde.nexen.net:/etc/hosts /etc/ {{< /highlight >}}

root account access

{{< highlight sh >}} mkdir -p /root/.ssh echo ' ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAILOJV391WFRYgCVA2plFB8W8sF9LfbzXZOrxqaOrrwco hurricane' > /root/.ssh/authorized_keys passwd {{< /highlight >}}

Add necessary daemons on boot

{{< highlight sh >}} rc-update add syslog-ng default rc-update add cronie default rc-update add sshd default {{< /highlight >}}

TODO

{{< highlight sh >}} net-firewall/shorewall ... rc-update add shorewall default sed '/PRODUCTS/s/=.*/="shorewall"/' -i /etc/conf.d/shorewall-init rc-update add shorewall-init boot

net-analyzer/fail2ban echo '[sshd] enabled = true filter = sshd ignoreip = 127.0.0.1/8 10.1.0.0/24 37.187.103.36 137.74.173.247 90.85.207.113 bantime = 3600 banaction = shorewall logpath = /var/log/messages maxretry = 3' > /etc/fail2ban/jail.d/sshd.conf rc-update add fail2ban default

app-emulation/docker /etc/docker/daemon.json { "iptables": false } rc-update add docker default

app-emulation/lxd rc-update add lxd default {{< /highlight >}}

References