225 lines
7 KiB
Markdown
225 lines
7 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: "Installation"
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description: Installation of a gentoo system
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---
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## Introduction
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When installing a gentoo system for the first time, please refer to the wonderfull [gentoo handbook](https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:AMD64). This page is just installation notes shorthand when you know exactly what you are doing.
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## Installation media
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You can get a bootable iso or liveusb from https://www.gentoo.org/downloads/. I recommend the minimal one. To create a bootable usb drive juste use `dd` to copy the image on it. Then boot on this brand new installation media.
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Once you boot on the installation media, you can start sshd and set a temporary password and proceed with the installation more confortably from another machine :
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{{< highlight sh >}}
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/etc/init.d/sshd start
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passwd
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{{< /highlight >}}
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Don't forget to either run `dhcpcd` or manually set an ip and gateway to the machine.
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## Partitionning
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There are several options depending on wether you need soft raid, full disk encryption or a simple root device with no additional complications. It will also differ if you are using a virtual machine or a physical one.
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{{< highlight sh >}}
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tmux
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blkdiscard /dev/nvme0n1
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sgdisk -n1:0:+2M -t1:EF02 /dev/nvme0n1
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sgdisk -n2:0:+512M -t2:EF00 /dev/nvme0n1
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sgdisk -n3:0:0 -t3:8300 /dev/nvme0n1
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mkfs.fat -F 32 -n efi-boot /dev/nvme0n1p2
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mkfs.xfs /dev/nvme0n1p3
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mount /dev/sda3 /mnt/gentoo
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cd /mnt/gentoo
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{{< /highlight >}}
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Make sure you do not repeat the mistake I too often make by mounting something to /mnt while using the liveusb/livecd. You will lose your shell if you do this and will need to reboot!
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## Get the stage3 and chroot into it
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Get the stage 3 installation file from https://www.gentoo.org/downloads/. I personnaly use the non-multilib one from the advanced choices, since I am no longer using and 32bits software except steam, and I use steam from a multilib chroot.
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Put the archive on the server in /mnt/gentoo (you can simply wget it from there), then extract it :
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{{< highlight sh >}}
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tar xpf stage3-*.tar.xz --xattrs-include='*.*' --numeric-owner
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mount /dev/nvme0n1p2 boot
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mount -R /proc proc
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mount -R /sys sys
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mount -R /dev dev
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chroot .
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{{< /highlight >}}
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## Initial configuration
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We prepare the local language of the system :
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{{< highlight sh >}}
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echo 'LANG="en_US.utf8"' > /etc/env.d/02locale
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echo 'en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8' >> /etc/locale.gen
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locale-gen
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env-update && source /etc/profile
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echo 'nameserver 1.1.1.1' > /etc/resolv.conf
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{{< /highlight >}}
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We set a loop device to hold the portage tree. It will be formatted with optimisation for the many small files that compose it :
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{{< highlight sh >}}
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mkdir -p /srv/gentoo-distfiles
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truncate -s 10G /portage.img
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mke2fs -b 1024 -i 2048 -m 0 -O "dir_index" -F /portage.img
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tune2fs -c 0 -i 0 /portage.img
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mkdir /usr/portage
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mount -o loop,noatime,nodev /portage.img /usr/portage/
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{{< /highlight >}}
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We set default compilation options and flags. If you are not me and cannot rsync this location, you can browse it from https://packages.adyxax.org/x86-64/etc/portage/ :
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{{< highlight sh >}}
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rsync -a --delete packages.adyxax.org:/srv/gentoo-builder/x86-64/etc/portage/ /etc/portage/
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sed -i /etc/portage/make.conf -e s/buildpkg/getbinpkg/
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echo 'PORTAGE_BINHOST="https://packages.adyxax.org/x86-64/packages/"' >> /etc/portage/make.conf
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{{< /highlight >}}
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We get the portage tree and sync the timezone
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{{< highlight sh >}}
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emerge --sync
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{{< /highlight >}}
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## Set hostname and timezone
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{{< highlight sh >}}
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export HOSTNAME=XXXXX
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sed -i /etc/conf.d/hostname -e /hostname=/s/=.*/=\"${HOSTNAME}\"/
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echo "Europe/Paris" > /etc/timezone
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emerge --config sys-libs/timezone-data
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{{< /highlight >}}
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## Check cpu flags and compatibility
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TODO
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{{< highlight sh >}}
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emerge cpuid2cpuflags -1q
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cpuid2cpuflags
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gcc -### -march=native /usr/include/stdlib.h
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{{< /highlight >}}
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## Rebuild the system
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{{< highlight sh >}}
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emerge --quiet -e @world
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emerge --quiet dosfstools app-admin/logrotate app-admin/syslog-ng app-portage/gentoolkit \
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dev-vcs/git bird openvpn htop net-analyzer/tcpdump net-misc/bridge-utils \
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sys-apps/i2c-tools sys-apps/pciutils sys-apps/usbutils sys-boot/grub sys-fs/ncdu \
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sys-process/lsof net-vpn/wireguard-tools
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emerge --unmerge nano -q
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{{< /highlight >}}
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## Grab a working kernel
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Next we need to Grab a working kernel from our build server along with its modules. If you don't have one already, you have some work to do!
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Check the necessary hardware support with :
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{{< highlight sh >}}
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i2cdetect -l
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lspci -nnk
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lsusb
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{{< /highlight >}}
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TODO specific page with details on how to build required modules like the nas for example.
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{{< highlight sh >}}
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emerge gentoo-sources genkernel -q
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...
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{{< /highlight >}}
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## Final configuration steps
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### fstab
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{{< highlight sh >}}
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# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
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#
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#<fs> <mountpoint> <type> <opts> <dump/pass>
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/dev/vda3 / ext4 noatime,discard 0 1
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/dev/vda2 /boot vfat noatime 1 2
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/portage.img /usr/portage ext2 noatime,nodev,loop 0 0
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{{< /highlight >}}
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### networking
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{{< highlight sh >}}
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echo 'hostname="phoenix"' > /etc/conf.d/hostname
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echo 'dns_domain_lo="adyxax.org"
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config_eth0="192.168.1.3 netmask 255.255.255.0"
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routes_eth0="default via 192.168.1.1"' > /etc/conf.d/net
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cd /etc/init.d
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ln -s net.lo net.eth0
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rc-update add net.eth0 boot
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{{< /highlight >}}
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### Grub
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TODO especially the conf in /etc/default/grub when using an encrypted /
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In the case of UEFI use something like :
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```sh
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grub-install --efi-directory=/boot/ /dev/nvme1n1
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grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
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```
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### /etc/hosts
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{{< highlight sh >}}
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scp root@collab-jde.nexen.net:/etc/hosts /etc/
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{{< /highlight >}}
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### root account access
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{{< highlight sh >}}
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mkdir -p /root/.ssh
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echo ' ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAILOJV391WFRYgCVA2plFB8W8sF9LfbzXZOrxqaOrrwco hurricane' > /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
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passwd
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{{< /highlight >}}
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### Add necessary daemons on boot
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{{< highlight sh >}}
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rc-update add syslog-ng default
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rc-update add cronie default
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rc-update add sshd default
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{{< /highlight >}}
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## TODO
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{{< highlight sh >}}
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net-firewall/shorewall
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...
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rc-update add shorewall default
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sed '/PRODUCTS/s/=.*/="shorewall"/' -i /etc/conf.d/shorewall-init
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rc-update add shorewall-init boot
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net-analyzer/fail2ban
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echo '[sshd]
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enabled = true
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filter = sshd
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ignoreip = 127.0.0.1/8 10.1.0.0/24 37.187.103.36 137.74.173.247 90.85.207.113
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bantime = 3600
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banaction = shorewall
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logpath = /var/log/messages
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maxretry = 3' > /etc/fail2ban/jail.d/sshd.conf
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rc-update add fail2ban default
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app-emulation/docker
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/etc/docker/daemon.json
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{ "iptables": false }
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rc-update add docker default
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app-emulation/lxd
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rc-update add lxd default
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{{< /highlight >}}
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## References
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- http://blog.siphos.be/2013/04/gentoo-protip-using-buildpkgonly/
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- https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Genkernel
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- https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Kernel/Configuration
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- https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Kernel
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- https://forums.gentoo.org/viewtopic-t-1076024-start-0.html
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- https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Binary_package_guide#Setting_up_a_binary_package_host
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