Added factorio in a linux jail article
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content/blog/freebsd/factorio-server-in-a-linux-jail.md
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content/blog/freebsd/factorio-server-in-a-linux-jail.md
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---
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title: Running a Factorio server in a linux jail, on FreeBSD
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description: How to setup a linux jail on FreeBSD using vanilla tools
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date: 2022-11-13
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---
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## Introduction
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Two weeks ago I started playing [factorio](https://www.factorio.com/) again with a friend. Factorio packages a dedicated server build for linux, but none of my linux vps' could afford the GB of ram to run factorio along their existing workloads. Therefore I settled on trying to run it inside a linux jail.
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I had been meaning to test linux jails for quite some time but never had a good excuse to do it. This was the perfect opportunity!
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## Preparing FreeBSD
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### Linux subsystem
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Normally FreeBSD 13 has all you need from the get go, we just need to load a few kernel modules and prepare some mount points. All this as abstracted away with:
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```sh
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service linux enable
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service linux start
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```
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### Jail loopback interface
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I strive for the simplest setup and this jail just needs the legacy loopback interface way of doing things:
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```sh
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echo "cloned_interfaces=\"lo1\"" >> /etc/rc.conf
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service netif cloneup
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```
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Many jail tutorials will tell you to configure the jail ips in `/etc/rc.conf` too, this is not what I do. It is difficult to automate and I find that having those ips in the jails.conf file is a lot more useful, see bellow.
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### pf firewall
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Here is a template of my `/etc/pf.conf`:
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```cfg
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scrub in all
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table <jails> persist
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table <myself> const { self }
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table <private> const { 10/8, 172.16/12, 192.168/16, fd00::/8 fe80::/10 }
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table <internet> const { 0.0.0.0/0, !10/8, !172.16/12, !192.168/16, ::/0, fe80::/10, !fd00::/8 }
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##### Basic rules #####
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nat pass on egress from <jails> to <internet> -> (egress:0)
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rdr-anchor "rdr/*"
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set skip on lo
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block return log
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##### This firewall #####
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block drop in on egress
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pass inet proto icmp all icmp-type unreach code needfrag # MTU path discovery
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pass inet proto icmp all icmp-type { echoreq, unreach } # echo reply
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pass inet6 proto icmp6 all
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pass in on egress proto tcp from <internet> to <myself> port { ssh, http, https }
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pass out from <myself> to any
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##### VPNs #####
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pass in on egress proto udp from <internet> to <myself> port 342
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pass in on wg0 from <private> to <myself>
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pass in on wg0 from <private> to <private>
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pass out on wg0 from <private> to <private>
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```
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The important lines are the one about the persistent `jails` table and the first two basic rules to `nat` and process the `rdr-anchor`.
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## Bootstrapping the jail
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For some reason, the debootstrap program installs itself without exec permission, and does not list bash as one of its dependencies.
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```sh
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pkg install bash debootstrap
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```
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I keep my jails under `/jails` and choose debian 11 bullseye:
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```sh
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bash /usr/local/sbin/debootstrap
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--include=openssh-server,locales,rsync,sharutils,psmisc,patch,less,apt \
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--components main,contrib bullseye /jails/factorio
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```
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We need to mount the linux filesystems inside the jail:
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```sh
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echo "
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linprocfs /jails/factorio/proc linprocfs rw 0 0
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linsysfs /jails/factorio/sys linsysfs rw 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
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mount -a
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```
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Setup a dedicated user to run factorio:
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```sh
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chroot /jails/factorio/ useradd -d /home/factorio -m -r factorio
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```
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Convert the linux password file into a bsd authentication database:
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```sh
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cat /jails/factorio/etc/passwd | sed -r 's/(:[x|*]:)([0-9]+:[0-9]+:)/:*:\2:0:0:/g' > /jails/factorio/etc/master.passwd
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pwd_mkdb -p -d /jails/factorio/etc /jails/factorio/etc/master.passwd
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```
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## Installing factorio
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You will need to login to [factorio](https://www.factorio.com/) and download the headless serveur tar.gz. Scp it to the server and decompress it into `/jails/factorio/home/factorio`
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```sh
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wget https://dl.factorio.com/releases/factorio_headless_x64_1.1.70.tar.xz?secure=NmmeJ2O-iFtRuVc6c3aPzw,1668383018
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(cd /jails/factorio/home/factorio/; tar xf /root/factorio_headless_x64_1.1.70.tar.xz*)
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mkdir /jails/factorio/home/factorio/factorio/saves/
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```
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Upload your save file from the game (or create a new map for the occasion) and place it into `/jails/factorio/home/factorio/factorio/saves/`.
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If you want to use mods, now is the time to upload those into `/jails/factorio/home/factorio/factorio/mods`. A simple rsync of the mods folder from your game should do nicely.
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Edit `/jails/factorio/home/factorio/factorio/config/server-settings.json` to your liking. For example, my server is not publicly visible and has a game password.
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Let's not forget to assign the correct permissions after all this:
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```sh
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chroot /jails/factorio/ chown -R factorio:factorio /home/factorio
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```
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## Configuring the jail
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Here is my `/etc/jail.conf.d/factorio.conf`:
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```cfg
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factorio {
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host.hostname = "factorio";
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path = /jails/$name;
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ip4.addr = 127.0.1.1/32;
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ip6 = "new";
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ip6.addr = fc00::1/128;
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exec.system_user = "root";
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exec.jail_user = "root";
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exec.clean;
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exec.prestart = "ifconfig lo1 alias ${ip4.addr}";
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exec.prestart += "ifconfig lo1 inet6 ${ip6.addr}";
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exec.prestart += "/sbin/pfctl -t jails -T add ${ip4.addr}";
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exec.prestart += "/sbin/pfctl -t jails -T add ${ip6.addr}";
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exec.prestart += "echo \"rdr pass on egress inet proto udp from any to port 34197 -> ${ip4.addr}\n rdr pass on egress inet6 proto udp from any to port 34197 -> ${ip6.addr}\" | pfctl -a rdr/jail-$name -f -";
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exec.poststop = "/sbin/pfctl -t jails -T del ${ip4.addr}";
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exec.poststop += "/sbin/pfctl -t jails -T del ${ip6.addr}";
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exec.poststop += "pfctl -a rdr/jail-$name -F nat";
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exec.poststop += "ifconfig lo1 inet ${ip4.addr} -alias";
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exec.poststop += "ifconfig lo1 inet6 ${ip6.addr} -alias";
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exec.start = "/bin/su - factorio -c 'factorio/bin/x64/factorio --start-server factorio/saves/mysave.zip' &";
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exec.stop = "pkill factorio ; sleep 15";
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mount.devfs;
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}
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```
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Make sure you substitute `mysave.zip` with the name of your save file!
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As you can see, I use the `prestart` and `poststop` steps to handle the network configuration using `ifconfig`, the jails' pf table and the rdr port forwarding. These are all setup when starting the jail and cleaned when stopping.
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Now if all went according to plan, the following should be enough to start your factorio server in the jail:
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```sh
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service jail enable
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service jail start factorio
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```
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Check that factorio is running using `top -j factorio`. If something goes wrong, you should be able to check `/jails/factorio/home/factorio/factorio/factorio-current.log` for clues.
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If everything is running, you should be able to connect your dedicated server using the hostname of your server!
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