--- title: "Installation" description: Installation of a gentoo system --- ## Introduction When installing a gentoo system for the first time, please refer to the wonderfull [gentoo handbook](https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:AMD64). This page is just installation notes shorthand when you know exactly what you are doing. ## Installation media You can get a bootable iso or liveusb from https://www.gentoo.org/downloads/. I recommend the minimal one. To create a bootable usb drive juste use `dd` to copy the image on it. Then boot on this brand new installation media. Once you boot on the installation media, you can start sshd and set a temporary password and proceed with the installation more confortably from another machine : {{< highlight sh >}} /etc/init.d/sshd start passwd {{< /highlight >}} Don't forget to either run `dhcpcd` or manually set an ip and gateway to the machine. ## Partitionning There are several options depending on wether you need soft raid, full disk encryption or a simple root device with no additional complications. It will also differ if you are using a virtual machine or a physical one. {{< highlight sh >}} fdisk /dev/sda g n 1 2048 +2M t 1 4 n 2 6144 +512M t 2 1 n 3 1054720 w mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda3 mkfs.fat -F 32 -n efi-boot /dev/sda2 mount /dev/sda3 /mnt/gentoo {{< /highlight >}} Make sure you do not repeat the mistake I too often make by mounting something to /mnt while using the liveusb/livecd. You will lose your shell if you do this and will need to reboot! ## Get the stage3 and chroot into it Get the stage 3 installation file from https://www.gentoo.org/downloads/. I personnaly use the non-multilib one from the advanced choices, since I am no longer using and 32bits software except steam, and I use steam from a multilib chroot. Put the archive on the server in /mnt/gentoo (you can simply wget it from there), then extract it : {{< highlight sh >}} tar xpf stage3-*.tar.xz --xattrs-include='*.*' --numeric-owner mount /dev/sda2 boot mount -t proc none proc mount -t sysfs none sys mount -o rbind /dev dev cp /etc/resolv.conf etc/ chroot . {{< /highlight >}} ## Initial configuration We prepare the local language of the system : {{< highlight sh >}} env-update && source /etc/profile echo 'LANG="en_US.utf8"' > /etc/env.d/02locale sed '/#en_US.UTF-8/s/#//' -i /etc/locale.gen locale-gen source /etc/profile {{< /highlight >}} We set a loop device to hold the portage tree. It will be formatted with optimisation for the many small files that compose it : {{< highlight sh >}} mkdir -p /srv/gentoo-distfiles truncate -s 10G /portage.img mke2fs -b 1024 -i 2048 -m 0 -O "dir_index" -F /portage.img tune2fs -c 0 -i 0 /portage.img mkdir /usr/portage mount -o loop,noatime,nodev /portage.img /usr/portage/ {{< /highlight >}} We set default compilation options and flags. If you are not me and cannot rsync this location, you can browse it from https://packages.adyxax.org/x86-64/etc/portage/ : {{< highlight sh >}} rsync -a --delete packages.adyxax.org:/srv/gentoo-builder/x86-64/etc/portage/ /etc/portage/ sed -i /etc/portage/make.conf -e s/buildpkg/getbinpkg/ echo 'PORTAGE_BINHOST="https://packages.adyxax.org/x86-64/packages/"' >> /etc/portage/make.conf {{< /highlight >}} We get the portage tree and sync the timezone {{< highlight sh >}} emerge --sync {{< /highlight >}} ## Set hostname and timezone {{< highlight sh >}} export HOSTNAME=XXXXX sed -i /etc/conf.d/hostname -e /hostname=/s/=.*/=\"${HOSTNAME}\"/ echo "Europe/Paris" > /etc/timezone emerge --config sys-libs/timezone-data {{< /highlight >}} ## Check cpu flags and compatibility TODO {{< highlight sh >}} emerge cpuid2cpuflags -1q cpuid2cpuflags gcc -### -march=native /usr/include/stdlib.h {{< /highlight >}} ## Rebuild the system {{< highlight sh >}} emerge --quiet -e @world emerge --quiet dosfstools app-admin/logrotate app-admin/syslog-ng app-portage/gentoolkit dev-vcs/git bird openvpn htop net-analyzer/tcpdump net-misc/bridge-utils sys-apps/i2c-tools sys-apps/pciutils sys-apps/usbutils sys-boot/grub sys-fs/ncdu sys-process/lsof {{< /highlight >}} ## Grab a working kernel Next we need to Grab a working kernel from our build server along with its modules. If you don't have one already, you have some work to do! Check the necessary hardware support with : {{< highlight sh >}} i2cdetect -l lspci -nnk lsusb {{< /highlight >}} TODO specific page with details on how to build required modules like the nas for example. {{< highlight sh >}} emerge gentoo-sources genkernel -q ... {{< /highlight >}} ## Final configuration steps ### fstab {{< highlight sh >}} # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # /dev/vda3 / ext4 noatime 0 1 /dev/vda2 /boot vfat noatime 1 2 /portage.img /usr/portage ext2 noatime,nodev,loop 0 0 {{< /highlight >}} ### networking {{< highlight sh >}} echo 'hostname="phoenix"' > /etc/conf.d/hostname echo 'dns_domain_lo="adyxax.org" config_eth0="192.168.1.3 netmask 255.255.255.0" routes_eth0="default via 192.168.1.1"' > /etc/conf.d/net cd /etc/init.d ln -s net.lo net.eth0 rc-update add net.eth0 boot {{< /highlight >}} ### Grub TODO especially the conf in /etc/default/grub when using an encrypted / {{< highlight sh >}} {{< /highlight >}} ### /etc/hosts {{< highlight sh >}} scp root@collab-jde.nexen.net:/etc/hosts /etc/ {{< /highlight >}} ### root account access I switched to an ed25512 ssh key some time ago but left this here for posterity : {{< highlight sh >}} mkdir -p /root/.ssh echo 'ssh-rsa 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 adyxax ssh-rsa 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 hurricane' > /root/.ssh/authorized_keys passwd {{< /highlight >}} ### Add necessary daemons on boot {{< highlight sh >}} rc-update add syslog-ng default rc-update add cronie default rc-update add sshd default {{< /highlight >}} ## TODO {{< highlight sh >}} net-firewall/shorewall ... rc-update add shorewall default sed '/PRODUCTS/s/=.*/="shorewall"/' -i /etc/conf.d/shorewall-init rc-update add shorewall-init boot net-analyzer/fail2ban echo '[sshd] enabled = true filter = sshd ignoreip = 127.0.0.1/8 10.1.0.0/24 37.187.103.36 137.74.173.247 90.85.207.113 bantime = 3600 banaction = shorewall logpath = /var/log/messages maxretry = 3' > /etc/fail2ban/jail.d/sshd.conf rc-update add fail2ban default app-emulation/docker /etc/docker/daemon.json { "iptables": false } rc-update add docker default app-emulation/lxd rc-update add lxd default {{< /highlight >}} ## References - http://blog.siphos.be/2013/04/gentoo-protip-using-buildpkgonly/ - https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Genkernel - https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Kernel/Configuration - https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Kernel - https://forums.gentoo.org/viewtopic-t-1076024-start-0.html - https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Binary_package_guide#Setting_up_a_binary_package_host